Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: This is the most common material used in the absorbent core. It is highly absorbent and provides a soft texture.
– **Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP)**: SAPs are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid. They are often mixed with wood pulp to enhance the pad’s absorbency.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are lightweight, breathable, and provide a smooth surface.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use perforated plastic films as the top sheet. These films are designed to allow liquid to pass through quickly while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leaks. It is usually made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a common material for the back sheet due to its waterproof properties. It is also flexible and durable.
– **Breathable Films**: Some high-end pads use breathable films that allow air to circulate while still preventing leaks. These films are often made from microporous materials.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to keep the pad in place. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling. They provide a strong bond and are commonly used in sanitary pads.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives become sticky when pressure is applied. They are often used in the wings of the pad to secure it to underwear.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or other additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these additives can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. Common additives include:

– **Fragrances**: These are added to give the pad a pleasant scent. They are usually synthetic and can vary in intensity.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: Some pads include natural extracts like aloe vera or chamomile to soothe the skin.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide comfort, absorbency, and leak protection. Understanding these materials can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve their products. Whether it’s the absorbent core, top sheet, back sheet, or adhesive, each component plays a vital role in the overall performance of the sanitary pad.