While the findings suggest the world still has the option to meet the Paris agreement’s ambitions, there are some limitations to the research. As the Guardian pointed out, “the analysis did not include the possibility of tipping points such as the sudden release of huge volumes of methane from permafrost, which could spark runaway global warming.”

Smith, for his part, anticipates that global warming will surpass 1.5°C. “We are going the right way, but I don’t think we will do enough, quickly enough. I think we are heading for 2°C. to 2.5°C,” he said, but “if you don’t have a goal, you are not going to get anywhere. If you have a target that is really hard to achieve and you miss it slightly, that is better than wandering aimlessly into a future climate that is no good for anybody.”

The study comes as a new report from Oil Change International warns the United States is “drilling toward disaster” with fossil fuel expansion, and that if it doesn’t rapidly shift course—such as by implementing Green New Deal—the country “will impede the rest of the world’s ability to manage a climate-safe, equitable decline of oil and gas production.”

The planet, meanwhile, is experiencing the consequences of ongoing fossil fuel production. According to recently published research, the world’s oceans are warming about 40 percent faster than scientists believed in 2013, and Antarctica is melting six times more quickly than it was in the 1980s. As oceans and the atmosphere warm, ice melts, and sea levels rise, experts have also warned that extreme weather will grow increasingly more common—and deadly.

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